| |
| AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY |
| |
| Fertilizer
Recommendation |
| |
| Cereal
Crops : |
|
Maize
|
 |
The fertilizer
dose of 250: 120: 120: 40:
5 : 2 kg/ha N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn: B,
respectively was found optimum
for the grain yield (10.66
t/ha) of hybrid maize in
the Tista Meander Floodplain
(AEZ-3) of Rangpur during
rabi season of 1991-92 and
1992-93. |
|
| |
| Wheat
|
|
The application
of 120: 60: 60 kg/ha N:
P2O5:
K2O respectively
plus 10 t/ha cowdung was
found to be optimum for
the seed yield (3.45 t/ha)
of wheat (cv. Kanchan) in
Old Brahamaputra Floodplain
(AEZ-9) of Jamalpur during
the rabi season of 1991-93. |
|
| |
| Kaon
|
|
The application
of 60: 60: 50: 10: 5 kg/ha
N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn respectively
plus 5 t/ha cowdung was
found to be optimum for
the grain yield (3.80 t/ha)
of kaon (cv. Titas) in Old
Brahamaputra Floodplain
(AEZ-9) of Jamalpur during
the rabi season of 1991-94. |
|
| |
| Barley
|
|
The highest
grain yield (2.74 t/ha)
of Barley (cv. BARI Barley-1)
was obtained by the application
of 120-100-80-20-5-1 kg/ha
N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Zn
: B: Mo respectively in
Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur during the
rabi season of 1995-99. |
|
| |
| Oilseed
Crops : |
| Mustard
|
|
The significant
yield of 2.11 t ha-1
and 2.07 t ha-1
of mustard cv. SS-75 and
Nap-8509 respectively at
1 kg B and 5 kg Mn ha-1
plus 5 t ha-1
cowdung were recorded along
with blanket dose of 120:
80: 60: 40: 40: 5 kg ha-1
N : P2O5
: K2O : S : Zn
in the High Ganges River
Floodplain (AEZ-11) of Chuadanga
during 1993-95. While the
application 1 kg boron and
10 kg Mg/ha along with blanket
dose of 120: 80: 60: 40:
40: 5 kg ha-1
N : P2O5
: K2O : S : Zn
was found to optimum for
the seed yield (1.87 t/ha)
of mustard (Nap 8509) in
the Tista Meander Floodplain
(AEZ-3) of Dinajpur during
the rabi season of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| Mustard
(late var.) |
|
The fertilizer
dose of 120: 80: 80: 40:
5: 2 kg ha-1
N : P2O5
: K2O : S : Zn
: B was found to be optimum
for maximizing seed yield
(1.28 t ha) of mustard (cv.
Daulat) to obtain the maximum
marginal rate of return
(MRR%) 2002% and gross margin
Tk. 11002 ha-1
in Middle Meghna Floodplain
(AEZ-16) of Comilla during
the rabi seasons of 1996-97. |
|
| |
| Peanut
|
|
5. The application
of 20: 60: 60: 30: 5: 1:
2 kg/ha N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Zn
: Mo: B respectively under
irrigated condition was
found to be optimum for
Pod yield (2.52 t/ha) of
Groundnut (cv. Dhaka-1)
in Madhupur Tract( AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur during the
rabi season of 1991-94. |
|
| |
| Sunflower
|
|
The seed yield
of sunflower (cv. Kironi)
can be maximized up to 2
t/ha by application 10 kg
Mg and 2 kg B along with
the blanket dose of 100:
80: 80: 40: 5 kg ha-1
of N: P2O5
: K2O : S: Zn
in the Tista Meander Floodplain
(AEZ-3) of Dinajpur during
the rabi season in Mg and
B deficient soil. On the
other hand 2 kg B and 5
kg Mn ha-1 plus
5 t/ha cowdung along with
the blanket dose 100: 80:
80: 40: 5 kg ha-1
of N : P2O5
: K2O : S: Zn
respectively were required
to maximize the sunflower
seed yield (2.49 t/ha) in
High Ganges River Floodplain
(AEZ-11) of Jessore during
rabi season of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| Niger
|
|
The seed yield
(0.92 t ha-1)
of Niger (cv. Shova)can
be obtained by the application
of 90: 80: 80: 20: 5 kg
ha-1 N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn, respectively
against the seed yield (0.51
t ha-1) in control
in High Ganges River Floodplain
(AEZ-11) of Jessore during
the rabi season of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| Linseed
|
|
The seed yield
of linseed (cv. Neela)can
be increased by the application
of 60: 60: 40: 15: 5 kg
ha-1 N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn, respectively
against the seed yield (0.53
t ha-1) produced
in control in High Ganges
River Floodplain (AEZ-11)
of Jessore during the rabi
seasons of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| Soybean
|
|
The maximum
seed yield (1.38 t ha-1)
of soybean (cv. Sohag) were
obtained by the application
of 1.5 kg B and 1 kg Mo
along with a blanket dose
of 30: 80: 80: 20: 4 kg
ha-1 N: P2O5
: K2O: S : Zn
in High Ganges River Floodplain
(AEZ-11) of Chuadanga during
the rabi seasons of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| Soybean
|
|
The highest
seed yield 1.93 t/ha of
soybean was produced by
the application of 60 kg
P2O5
and 40 S/ha with the blanket
dose 50 K2O and
5 kg Zn/ha and inoculum
in the Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur. |
|
| |
| Vegetable
Crops : |
|
PM
on Cabbage
|
|
A blanket
dose of 200: 120: 100: 50:
5: 2: 1: kg/ha N: P2O5
K2O S: Mg :Zn
:B:Mo: respectively along
with Poultry manure 10 t/ha
may be recommended for production
(86.40 t ha-1)
of Cabbage (cv. Atlas-70)
in the Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur. |
|
The combination
180: 60: 180: 30: 5: 1:
kg/ha N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Zn:
Mo, respectively and organic
manure @ 5 t/ha produced
the highest head yield (73.50
t/ha) of cabbage (cv. Atlas-70)
with the maximum marginal
rate of return (MRR%) 2227%
and gross margin Tk. 202452/-
ha in Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur during the
rabi season of 1992-94. |
|
The application
of 1 kg Mo ha-1
and 10 t ha-1
cowdung along with blanket
dose of 240 : 100: 120:
50: 5 kg/ha N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn respectively
was found optimum for the
production (92.00 t/ha)
of cabbage (cv. Atlas-70)
against head yield (56.00
t/ha) produced without Mo
and organic manure in Northern
and Eastern Hills (AEZ-29)
of Raikhali during the rabi
season of 1992-94. |
|
The combination
200: 90: 100: 20: 5 kg/ha
N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Zn
with cowdung 5 /ha produced
the highest yield (64.78
t/ha) of Chinese Cabbage
(line-1-2-70) with maximum
marginal rate of return
(MRR%) 8015% and gross margin
Tk. 185547/ha in Madhupur
Tract (AEZ-28) of Joydebpur
during the rabi season of
1992-94. |
|
| |
| Broccoli
|
|
This is a
newly introduced cole vegetable
in Bangladesh. The application
of 137 : 97 : 21 : 1 kg
ha-1 N : P2O5
: K2O : S : Mo,
respectively was found to
be optimum for maximizing
the curd yield (17.58 t/ha)
of Broccoli (cv. Green Sprouting)
in Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur during the
rabi seasons of 1992-94. |
|
A blanket
dose 120: 80: 80: 20: 5:
2: 1 t/ha N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Mg
:Zn :B:Mo: along with Poultry
manure10 t/ha respectively
was found suitable for the
production (21 t/ha) of
Broccoli (cv. Green Sprouting)
Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur. |
|
| |
| Tomato
|
|
The fruit
yield of tomato (cv. Ratan)
was significantly increased
up to 90 t/ha by the application
of 30.50 kg S and 1.37 kg
B ha-1 along
with a blanket dose of 150:
100: 100: 5: 1 kg ha-1
N: P2O5
: K2O : Zn :
Mo plus 5 t/ha cowdung.
The rate of increase of
fruit yields were 0.41-0.55
t kg for each 1 kg and 3.28-3.33
t for each 1 kg B up to
optimum level during the
rabi seasons of 1992-94
in Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur. |
|
| |
| Cauliflower
|
|
The application
of 120: 100: 100: 20: 5:
1.5: 1.5 kg/ha N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Zn
: B: Mo respectively plus
5 t/ha cowdung was found
to be optimum for highest
curd yield (23.80 t/ha)
of cauliflower (cv. Snowball)
in Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur during the
rabi seasons of 1992-94. |
|
The application
of 150: 100: 100: 20: 5:
2: 1 kg/ha N: P2O5 : K2O:
S: Zn : B: Mo respectively
was found to be optimum
for highest yield (28.29
t/ha) of Cauliflower (cv.
snowball) in Madhupur Tract
(AEZ-28) of Joydebpur during
the rabi season of 1995-99. |
|
| |
| Potato
|
|
The highest
tuber yield 23.47 t/ha of
indigenous potato (cv. Lal
pakhri) was obtained by
the combined effect of 100:
60: 30: 10: 4: 1: kg/ha
N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn: B
in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain
(AEZ-9) of Jamalpur. |
|
| |
| SPICES
: |
|
Onion
|
|
The application
of 120: 90: 90: 20: 5 kg/ha
N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn, respectively
plus 5 t/ha cowdung was
found to be optimum for
maximizing bulb yield (8.76
t/ha) of onion (cv. Taherpuri)
resulting 112% increase
over national average bulb
yield (4.12 t/ha) to obtain
the maximum marginal rate
of return (MRR%) 3761% and
gross margin Tk. 83520 ha-1
in Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28)
of Joydebpur during the
rabi season of 1991-93. |
|
The application
of 120: 90: 90: 20 kg/ha
N: P2O5:
K2O: S, respectively
plus 5 t/ha cowdung was
found to be optimum for
maximizing the bulb yield
(4.88 t/ha) of garlic (cv.
Multiclove local) resulting
62% increase over national
average bulb yield (3.01
t/ha) to obtain the maximum
marginal rate of return
(MRR%) 3736% and gross margin
Tk. 68234 ha-1 in Madhupur
Tract (AEZ-28) of Joydebpur
during the rabi season of
1991-93. |
|
| |
| VEGETABLE
SEED PRODUCTION :
|
|
Red
Amaranth
|
|
The combination
120: 150: 80: 40: 15: 5:
2: 1 kg/ha N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Mg :Zn
:B :Mo, respectively along
with cowdung 5 and lime
2 t/ha was found to be optimum
for the production of quality
seeds (1.54 t ha-1)
of Lal Sak (cv. Altapati)
in Himalayan Piedmont Plain
(AEZ-1) of Thakurgaon during
the rabi seasons of 1991-94. |
|
| |
| Tomato |
|
The combination
160: 120: 180: 40: 15: 5:
1: 1kg/ha N : N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Mg :Zn
: B :Mo, respectively along
with cowdung 5 and lime
2 t/ha was found to be optimum
for the production of quality
seeds (0.14 t ha-1)
of Tomato (cv. Ratan) in
Himalayan Piedmont Plain
(AEZ-1) of Thakurgaon during
the rabi seasons of 1991-94. |
|
| |
| Brinjal |
|
The combination
100: 80: 60: 40: 15: 5:
1: 1: kg/ha N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Mg
:Zn :B :Mo, respectively
along with cowdung 20 and
lime 1 t/ha may be recommended
for the production of quality
seeds (0.13 t ha-1) of Brinjal
(cv. Uttara) in Himalayan
Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) of
Thakurgaon during the rabi
seasons of 1992-95. |
|
| |
| Cabbage
|
|
The combination
180: 100: 90: 40: 15: 2:
1 kg/ha N: P2O5 : K2O: S:
Mg :Zn :B :Mo, respectively
along with cowdung 5 and
lime 3 t/ha respectively
was found suitable for the
production of quality seeds(0.25t
ha-1) of Cabbage
(cv. Provati) in Himalayan
Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) of
Thakurgaon during the rabi
seasons of 1992-95. |
|
| |
| Cauliflower
|
|
The treatment
150: 100: 125: 40: 15: 5:
2: kg/ha N: P2O5
: K2O: S: Mg:
Zn :B: Mo, respectively
+ cowdung 10 and lime 3
t/ha respectively was found
suitable for the production
of quality seeds (1.63 t
ha-1) of Cauliflower
(cv. Agrahayani) in Himalayan
Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) of
Thakurgaon during the rabi
seasons of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| CROPPING
PATTERN : |
|
Peanut-T.
aman
|
|
Different
sources of sulphur fertilizer
along with N: P2O5:
K: Zn: B: Mo: @ 120: 80:
60: 5: 2: 1 kg/ha respectively
were applied in the first
crop of the pattern and
only nitrogen (100 kg/ha)
was applied in succeeding
crop. Gypsum application
produced better yields in
both soils in the first
crop (groundnut-2.65 and
3.0 t/ha) of the cropping
pattern. In the succeeding
T. aman (BR-11) crop significant
yield (5.0 and 5.25 t/ha)
were obtained by the residual
effect of elemental sulphur
and T90 in Madhupur Tract
(AEZ-28) of Joydebpur and
Old Brahamaputra Floodplain
(AEZ-9) of Jamalpur during
the cropping seasons of
1991-94. |
|
| |
| Mustard-T.
aus-T. aman |
|
Different
sources sulphur fertilizer
along with N: P2O5:
K2O: Zn: B @
120: 80: 60: 5: 2 kg/ha
respectively were applied
in the first crop (Mustard,
cv. SS-75) of the pattern
and only nitrogen was applied
in succeeding crop (T. aus,
BR-11). The highest seed
yield of 1.66 and 1.58 t/ha
were obtained with the application
of ½ Gyp. + elemental
sulphur and T90. Whereas
the residual effect of elemental
sulphur and T90 produced
the highest grain yield
of T.aus of 3.50 and 3.86
t/ha in the Old Brahmaputra
Floodplain (AEZ-9) and High
Ganges River Floodplain
(AEZ-11) of Jamalpur and
Jessore respectively during
the cropping seasons of
1992-94. |
|
| |
| Peanut-T.
aman |
|
The 40 kg
S/ha and 2 kg B/ha along
with 20: 60: 60: 4 t/ha
N: P2O5:
K2O: Zn produced
the highest pod yield of
2.96 and 3.12 t/ha of groundnut,
whereas the residual effect
of 60 kg S/ha + 2 kg B/ha
produced grain yield of
5.50 and 5.67 t/ha of T.
aman (BR-11) in Madhupur
Tract (AEZ-28) of Joydebpur
during the cropping seasons
of 1993-95. |
|
| |
| Wheat-GM-T.
aman |
|
The grain
yield (4.23 t/ha) of wheat
(cv. Kanchan) and 6.4 t/ha
of T. aman (BR-11) were
obtained in the fertilizer
dose 120: 60: 60: 20: 5:
kg/ha N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn (without
GM) while grain yield (4.37
t/ha) of wheat and (6.8
t/ha) of T. aman was obtained
in 90: 60: 20: 20: 5: kg/ha
Zn (with GM). The result
showed that by growing GM
to biomass (12.0-16.0 t/ha)
can save 30 kg nitrogen
per hectare in the wheat-GM-T.aman
cropping pattern in the
in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain
(AEZ-9) of Jamalpur during
the cropping seasons of
1991-95. |
|
| |
| Cowpea-B.
aus (Saline zone)
|
|
The fertilizer
dose of 50: 50:: 50: 20:
5 kg/ha N: P2O5:
K2O: S: Zn respectively
for cowpea (local) 80: 60:
60: 10: 2.5 kg/ha N: P2O5
K2O S Zn respectively
for B. aus (BR-26) and 120:
80: 60: 10: 2.5 kg/ha N
P2O5
K2O S Zn respectively
for T. aman (BR-11) were
found optimum for maximizing
the total grain yield (9.0
t/ha) in Ganges Tidal Floodplain
(AEZ-13), saline phase (S2
category) at Patuakhali
during the seasons of 1995-98.
|
|
| |
| Wheat-Mungbean-T.
Aman |
|
Application
of recommended dose of fertilizer
(Wheat = N120P35K75Zn5
kg/ha, Mungbean = N120
kg/ha, T. Aman = N100
P40 K60
kg/ha) for the individual
crops of the pattern and
incorporation of green bio-mass
of mungbean sustains the
yield of the cropping pattern
as well as soil fertility
at Jessore under AEZ-11
during 2000-2005. |
|
| |
| Mustard-Mungbean-T.
Aman |
|
Application
of recommended dose of fertilizer
(Mustard=N120P54K70Zn3B1
kg/ha
Mungbean = N120
kg/ha T. Aman = N100
P54 K70
S10 kg/ha) for
the individual crops of
the pattern and incorporation
of green biomass of mungbean
sustains the yield of the
cropping pattern as well
as soil fertility at Jessore
under AEZ-11 during 2000-2005.
|
|
| |
| ARSENIC
IN GROUND WATER |
| The widespread arsenic
(As) contamination in ground water
and in soils pause a real threat
to Bangladesh. In majority cases
As level in irrigation water is
>200 ppb and in extreme cases
even more than 700 ppb. In a detail
study As status and variation
in water, soil, rice grain and
straw samples of a shallow tube
well (STW) command area of Brahmanbaria,
it was evident that As content
in STW water varied seasonally.
Also As in the standing irrigation
water decreased with increase
of distance it traveled from the
STW. Likewise soil As decreased
with the increase of distance
from the STW. Long duration rice
BINA-6 and BRRI Dhan 29 grown
with As contaminated irrigation
water contained higher arsenic
in rice grain and straw than the
short duration varieties. Arsenic
content of rice grain and straw
sample is comparatively higher
at the nearest points and lower
at far points of the STW command
area. One implication is that
As contamination is increased
by continuous irrigation with
As contaminated ground water.
A probable solution is replacement
of irrigated rice by upland crops
and use of less irrigation requirement
crops. |
| |
| SOIL
PHYSICS |
| |
| Investigations on
soil physical aspects and water
management were started from 1979.
Studies were concentrated mainly
on (a) crop water requirement
and irrigation scheduling of upland
crops based on soil moisture regimes,
climatic parameters and physiological
growth stages and (b) management
of soil physical environment which
includes tillage practices, soil
moisture conservation, dense layer
(pan) at shallow depth, puddling
effect on soil properties. The
summarized results are given in
Table 1 and 2. Some useful information
have come out from these studies
which have already been transferred
to farmer’s field. |
| |
| Table
1. Water requirement of different
crops in Bangladesh
|
| |
Crop
|
Location
|
No.
of irrigation (Days)
|
Growth
stage when water deficit
must be avoided
|
Irrigation
water required (cm)
|
Total
water required (cm)
|
Yield
(t/ha)
|
| No
stress |
With
stress |
| Wheat
|
Joydebpur
Jessore
Ishurdi |
3(21,45,70)
2(21,45)
2(21,45) |
Crown root initiation
Flowering
Grain filling |
17
12
12 |
30
30
30 |
2.5-4.0
|
1.0-1.2
|
| Maize |
Joydebpur
Jessore
Jamalpur |
3(30,60,90)
2(40,90)
2(40,90) |
Flowering
Grain filling |
20
10
10 |
40
35
35 |
4.0-6.5
|
1.5-2.0
|
| Kaon |
Joydebpur
Ishurdi |
2(40,65)
1(40) |
Flowering
Grain filling |
10
5 |
20
20 |
2.0-2.5
|
1.0-1.2
|
| Chickpea |
Barind
Jessore |
2(30,60)
1(30) |
Flowering
Pod development |
10
5 |
20
18 |
1.5-2.5 |
0.6-0.8 |
| Lentil |
Joydebpur
Barind
Jessore
Rajbari |
2(25,50)
2(25,50)
2(25,50)
1(30) |
Flowering
Pod development |
10
10
9
8 |
22
22
20
20 |
1.0-2.0
|
0.5-0.7
|
| Cowpea |
Rahmatpur
Hathazari
|
1(45)
2(30,60)
|
Late vegetative
stage
|
5
5
|
18
23
|
2.0-3.0
|
0.8-1.2
|
Mustard
|
Joydebpur
Ishurdi |
2(25,50)
1(25) |
Vegetative stage
Siliqua filling stage |
12
5 |
18
16 |
1.5-2.5 |
0.6-0.8 |
| Groundnut |
Joydebpur
Jamalpur |
3(25,50,75)
2(35, 75) |
Pre flowering
Early pod development |
11
11 |
30
25 |
2.0-3.0 |
1.0-1.2 |
| Soybean |
Joydebpur
Ishurdi
Hathazari |
3(25,50,75)
2(35,75)
3(25,50,75) |
Pre flowering
Early pod development |
12
10
14 |
26
22
30 |
1.5-2.5 |
0.8-1.0 |
| Cabbage |
Joydebpur
Jessore |
5(15,25,35,45,60)
4(15,25,40,60) |
Seedling establishment
Head formation |
12
10 |
26
22 |
70.0-80.0 |
25.0-35.0 |
| Cauliflower |
Joydebpur
Jessore |
5(15,25,35,45,60)
4(15,25,40,60) |
Seedling establishment
Curd formation |
14
12 |
24
20 |
22.0-32.0 |
4.0-6.0 |
| Broccoli |
Joydebpur
Jessore |
5(15,25,35,45,60)
4(15,25,40,60) |
Seedling establishment
Curd formation |
12
10 |
22
20 |
8.0-12.0 |
4.0-6.0 |
| Potato |
Munshiganj
Bogra
Jessore
Joydebpur |
3(20,40,60)
3(20,40,60)
3(20,40,60)
4(15,30,45,60) |
Stolonization
Tuberization
Bulking |
12
12
12
14 |
30
30
28
32 |
22.0-30.0 |
8.0-10.0 |
| Radish |
Joydebpur
Jessore |
3(15,25,40)
2(20,40) |
Entire growth stage |
10
8 |
22
18 |
50.0-65.0 |
20.0-30-0 |
| Carrot |
Joydebpur
Jessore |
3(15,25,40)
2(20,40) |
Entire growth stage |
10
8 |
20
18 |
30.0-45.0 |
15.0-20.0 |
| Tomato |
Joydebpur
Jessore |
6(15,35,50,65,80,95)
4(20,35,55,75) |
Vegetative period |
14
10
12 |
30
25
28 |
65.0-75.0 |
25.0-35.0 |
| Brinjal |
Joydebpur
Jessore
Jamalpur |
6(15,35,50,65,80,95)
4(20,35,55,75)
4(20,35,55,75) |
Entire growth period
|
16
12
14 |
42
35
38 |
45.0-55.0 |
20.0-25.0 |
| Onion |
Joydebpur
Jessore
Jamalpur |
5(20,35,45,60,75)
4(20,35,55,75)
4(20,35,55,75) |
Bulb formation |
14
10
12 |
25
20
22 |
10.0-15.0 |
4.0-6.0 |
|
|
| |
| Table
2. Management of Soil Physical
Environment |
|
Soil physical
management/constraint
|
Findings
|
| 1.
Tillage practices
2. Soil compaction
3. Alternate tillage
practices
4. Puddling practices
5. Sowing time
soil moisture &
irrigation needs.
6. Fertilizer placement
|
Minimum
tillage could be a
good tool for reducing
turn around time between
T. Aman and wheat
and also for soil
moisture utilization.
Conventional tillage
(Four times ploughing
with country plough
followed by laddering)
is best for cowpea
production than
minimum tillage.
Conventional tillage
(4-6 times ploughing
with country plough
followed by laddering)
is best for potato
production than
other tillage practices.
In almost all puddled
soils pans have
been found to occur
at a shallow depth
(8-10 cm). If this
pan (dense layer)
could be broken
or lower down (by
deep tillage) soil
water and nutrients
from the down profile
would be utilized
by upland crops
saving at least
one irrigation.
Unfavourable soil
physical conditions
may be developed
if similar tillage
practice is adopted
in both rice and
upland crops. In
this situation,
alternate tillage
technique was found
to be beneficial.
Puddling is beneficial
for rice but it
creates problems
to the upland crops
by deteriorating
some soil physical
properties (structure,
bulk density, soil
strength, percolation
etc.).
If the soil moisture
is sufficient (above
23% moisture by
wt.) during the
sowing time of wheat
earlier irrigation
(at CRI stage) may
not be required.
Moreover, if wheat
seeds are sown with
sowing time soil
moisture content
below 18-19% in
the seeding zone,
yield will be reduced
significantly if
irrigation is not
made immediately
after sowing.
In chickpea at
Barind area, the
soil moisture content
during sowing time
should be 19.15
percent or above
for proper plant
stand.
Nitrogen placement
in banded between
rows showed better
performance than
surface broadcast
and banded below
row in wheat production.
|
|
|
| |
| SOIL
MICROBIOLOGY |
| |
| Kinds
of Rhizobial inocula identified: |
| Individual Rhizobium
strains on grasspea, lentil, chickpea,
blackgram, mungbean, cowpea, pigeonpea,
groundnut, soybean and other leguminous
crops are being collected, isolated
and screened from both exotic
and local sources. Strains were
finally tested for plant infection
response and reisolated from field
after inoculation. Rhizobial inocula
prepared at the Microbiology laboratory
for different pulses can be used
in research and farmers field
are as follows: |
| |
Crop
|
Scientific
name
|
Rhizobium
strains |
| Grasspea
Lentil
Chickpea
Blackgram
Mungbean
Cowpea
Groundnut
Soybean
|
Lathyrus staivus
Lens culinaris
Cicer arietinum
Vigna mungo
Vigna radiata
Vigna unguiculata
Arachis hypogaea
Glycine max
|
RLs-10, RLs-11
RLc-131,RLc-134,RLc-138,RLc-140
RCa-220,RCa-233,RCa-248,RCa-280
RVm-306,RVm-320,RVm-341
RVr-406,RVr-420,RVr-441
RVu-609,RVu-673,RVu-687
RAh-800,RAh-805,RAh-869,RAh-892
RGm-907,RGm-910,RGm-922,RGm-928
|
|
|
| |
| Results
of field trials : |
| Field experiments
on different varieties/advance
lines of grasspea, lentil, chickpea,
mungbean, blackgram, pigeonpea,
cowpea, groundnut and soybean
were conducted in presence and
absence of nitrogenous fertilizers
with and without inoculum at different
locations of different agroecological
zones. Maximum nodulation, dry
matter yield and grain yield were
obtained in many varieties/ advance
lines at N0 level with inoculum
treatment. Yield increase was
about 28 to 114 % for inoculation
compared to the uninoculated treatment.
Similar types of experiments on
pulses and oilseeds have been
done in Crop Diversification Programme
(CDP) from 1991 to 1995. Significantly
increase in the nodulation and
yield of lentil, chickpea, cowpea,
groundnut and soybean were recorded
in inoculated and micronutrient
treated plots, indicating the
soils are responsive to Rhizobium
and applied micronutrients. The
results provided evidences of
application of micronutrients
and peat based rhizobial inoculants
in different pulses in different
AEZ. |
| |
| Response
of rhizobial inoculation on farmers'
fields: |
| The response of
rhizobial inoculation on nodulation
and yield in grasspea, lentil,
chickpea, cowpea etc. at farmers’
fields was found positive. The
experiments were designed with
four (or five) treatments e.g.
farmers practice (without fertilizer
and inoculum), NPK, PK+Inoculum,
Inoculum (and N in case of five
treatments). Highest nodule number,
nodule weight and grain yields
were obtained for rhizobial inoculation
in presence of phosphorus and
potassium fertilizer. Yields of
different pulses for inoculum
were comparatively lower than
that of PK+Inoculum treatment.
The grain yields were increased
32 to 50% due to rhizobial inoculation
compared to farmers practice treatment.
|
| |
| Work
on other microbiological research
|
| |
| Composting:
|
| A field experiment
was conducted in the year of 1998-99
and It was observed in the field
experiment using different activator
for rapid composting that fungal
activator of Trichoderma has significant
effect ( 29% less time required).
|
| |
| Mycorrhiza:
|
| A contact research
project of ARMP titled "Production
and Use of Microbial Fertilizer
of Mycorrhiza for Legume and Other
Crops" was conducted and
several mixture of mycorrhiza
have been isolated. |
| |
| Table
1. |
Percent
yield increase by rhizobial
inoculation over uninoculation
for different pulses and
oil seeds during 1990 to
1999 |
|
| |
Crop
|
Variety/advanced
line
|
Location
and site
|
AEZ
No.
|
Grain
yield t/ha
|
%
grain yield increase
|
Year
|
Grasspea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Groundnut
Soybean
|
8637
Utfala
86237
BARI Fellon-1
Dhaka-1
Shohag
|
Jessore
Jessore
Jessore
Rahmatpur
Joydebpur
Chuadanga
|
11
11
11
18
28
11
|
1.76
1.32
1.83
1.70
1.68
1.34
|
59-68
62-83
59-66
59-127
15-47
19-37
|
1995
|
Grasspea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Groundnut
|
Jamalpur
Utfala
NabinBARI
Fellon-1
Dhaka-1
|
Joydebpur
Ishurdi
Ishurdi
Joydebpur
Joydebpur
|
28
11
11
28
28
|
1.00
1.41
1.60
1.68
1.44
|
64-70
7
42-114
99-151
42-63
|
1996 |
Grasspea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Groundnut
Soybean
|
Jamalpur
BARI Mashur 1
BARI Chola-1
BARI Fellon-1
Zhingabadam
Shohag
|
Joydebpur
Ishurdi
Ishurdi
Rahmatpur
Joydebpur
Joydebpur
|
28
11
11
18
28
28
|
1.30
1.06
1.14
1.70
1.46
1.33
|
21.9
27.5
9.6
20.5
16.7
22.7
|
1997 |
Grasspea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Groundnut
|
Jamalpur
Utfala
Nabin
BARI Fellon-1
Dhaka-1
|
Joydebpur
Ishurdi
Ishurdi
Joydebpur
Joydebpur
|
28
11
11
28
28
|
1.19
1.52
1.75
1.55
1.60
|
70
52
60
72
45
|
1998 |
Grass pea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Groundnut
Soybean
|
Jamalpur
BARI Mashur-3
BARI Chola-5
BARI Fellon-1
Zhingabadam
Shohag
|
Jamalpur
Ishurdi
Ishurdi
Joydebpur
Jamalpur
Joydebpur
|
09
11
11
28
09
28
|
2.48
1.63
2.94
1.41
1.83
1.29
|
23
57
40
24
34
32
|
1999
|
Grass pea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Soybean
|
Jamalpur local
BARI Mashur-4
BARI Chola-5
BARI Fellon-1
Shohag
|
Ishurdi
Ishurdi
Ishurdi
Joydebpur
Joydebpur |
11
11
11
28
28 |
2.33
2.75
3.41
1.58
1.60
|
61
34
45
46
48
|
2000 |
Mungbean
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Soybean
Garden pea
Groundnut
|
BARI mung-5
BARI Mashur-4
BARI Chola-5
BARI Fellon-1
Shohag
BARI motorshuti-2
Zhingabadam
|
Rahmatpur
Rahmatpur
Jessore
Hathazari
Joydebpur
Thakurgaon
Kishoregonj
|
18
18
11
23
28
01
09 |
1.76
1.19
1.86
1.55
1.71
1.93
2.14
|
64
49
37
76
69
36
44 |
2001 |
Gardenpea
Lentil
Chickpea
Cowpea
Soybean
Mungbean
|
BARI motorshuti-2
BARI Mashur-4
BARI Chola-5
BARI Fellon-1
Shohag
BARI mung-5
|
Joydebpur
Ishurdi
Joydebpur
Joydebpur
Joydebpur
Joydebpur
|
28
11
28
28
28
28
|
1.28
1.49
1.48
1.13
1.65
1.80
|
36
31
29
41
66
76 |
2002 |
Gardenpea
Lentil
Mungbean
|
BARI motorshuti-2
BARI Mashur-4
BARI mung-5
|
Rahmatpur
Rahmatpur
Ishurdi |
18
18
11
|
2.19
1.49
1.50
|
55
37
61
|
2003 |
Gardenpea
Lentil
Chickpea
Grasspea |
BARI motorshuti-2
BARI Mashur-4
BARI Chola-5
BARI khesari-2 |
Rahmatpur
Jessore
Ishurdi
Jamalpur |
18
11
11
09 |
1.94
1.58
1.68
1.14
|
48
32
54
15 |
2004 |
|
|
| |
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ñ |
| |
